Cripps Mission(sir stafford cripps)

                                            Cripps Mission

Introduction:

This mission was held in 1942 in the sub-continent under the leadership of Sir Stafford Cripps ( Government servant ).

Reasons :

This mission was take place because the British government was perturbed at victories of the Japanese forces. The Japanese forces were heading toward South Asia. The second world war (1939--1945) seemed to be in the Japanese favor. Indian National Congress was encouraged by the preliminary success of japanese. The movements against the government by congress were troublesome of Britishers. Congressite's were confident that japanese hand over the power after Britain defeat.

Cripp's Proposal:

Congress did not support this mission, Although he bought few proposal given below:

• Status of Dominion

                    The sub-continent will give status of dominion after the war and British will retain the power in India during the war. India control resources & defense of India part their world war effort.

·                   Power of Main Department

  All the government department handover the Indian ministries including Defense, Foreign Affairs & communication.

·         Provincial Legislature

    General election were held after war & the constituent Assembly would elected by the lower house of the newly elected provincial legislatures.

·         Safe guard to Minorities

   Special step will be taken to provide safe guards to the minorities. The rights of Minorities should be protected.

·         Formation of constitution

   After the formulation of constitution by the constitutional Assembly will be sent to provinces. The provinces will do not endorse the constitution will be empower to create a separate & free status themselves.

Reaction of Political Parties

          The proposal were not acceptable to the Muslim league because the existence of the Muslim nation was not acknowledge straight-away. Rather the provinces were given the right of self-determination, Although Muslim league thanks for the step for protection of the rights of minorities.

Gandhi also goes against to the proposal he says in clearest way that the proposals is a postdated cheaque of a bank that is going to be bankrupt. They also opposed the idea of partition & also don’t want the power is distributed among the provinces. Gandhi badly refuses this mission.

Results

          Cripps mission is badly rejected because there are slope of division of the country.

After Proposal

          After the failure of cripps mission in 1942, the Indian national congress kept on pressurizing the British government to quit on India by handling over rule to the majority party civil disobedience movement. Quit India movement and other methods were used to the force the Britisher’s to quit India movement gained momentum. Procession & protest meeting were arranged in all the cities. Gandhi and his party were expecting the defeat of the forces at the hand of allied force at the hands of Japanese. Therefore, the Hindus continuously built up the pressure against the government.

THE CRIPPS MISSION

BACKGROUND:

The CRIPPS MISSION was strongly set in a certain background.The British were alarmed at the successive victories of Japan in 1940 s. On the other hand subcontinent situation was getting worse and CONGRESS wanted to take advantage of this situation.They started to put struggle for independence. 

Japan Army

British was knowing the fact that it would be difficult to bring both CONGRESS and MUSLIM LEAGUE on a common agenda.In this
context British sent a mission to India in 1942 under Sir Stafford Cripps and Lord Privy seal,in order to achieve Hindu Muslims consensus on some constitutional arrangement.They insist Indians to postpone the struggle of independence till the end of 2^nd world war.   

ARRIVAL OF CRIPPS:

Before presenting this mission CRIPPS arrived in 1938 and had several meetings with congress leaders.It was of the view point of MUSLIMS after presenting the mission that this was already known to CONGRESS as in the background of 1938 meetings. CRIPPS again arrived in Delhi on March 22,1942. He have series of meetings with politicians like Jawahar-lal Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad, Quaid-e-Azam, Sir Sikandar Hayat and etc.The clauses of the proposals were:

(1) During the world war the British would retain their control and government on India.Once the war would be ended,India would be giving dominion status with complete external and internal autonomy. India would be dealing with their affairs on their own after this.It would be however,be associated with United Kingdom and other Dominions by a common decision to the crown.

(2) At the end of the war a constitutional assembly would be set up to frame further future constitutions of India.The member of the assembly would be elected on the proportional basis of each provinces as declared.The princely states which would be independent would also be able to represent them self in the assembly.

(3) The provinces not agreeing to accept the new constitution would have the right to keep itself away from the proposal union. These provinces would also have the right to create their own constitution and separate union.British Government would also be able to join the commonwealth.

(4) During the era of war,government consisting of different parties of India would be constituted. However defense and external affairs would be responsibility of the viceroy. 

MUSLIMS REACTIONS:

It was highly rejected by MUSLIMS. Quaid-e-Azam said that it is totally "unsatisfactory".He said that if we accepted this proposals it would be "taking MUSLIMS to the gallows".He declared that this proposal have "Aroused our deepest anxieties and gave apprehensions specially with reference to PAKISTAN mission which is a matter of life and death to us".He knew it that CRIPPS was highly supporting CONGRESS.And they themselves accepted his support publicly as well.CRIPPS was a traditionally supporter of CONGRESS and most of decisions declared it clearly to MUSLIMS.
But however Quaid-e-Azam was happy to know that British government accepted the partition of subcontinent,and were aware of MUSLIMS demands now in a very clear manner. At least now they had agreed to talk about MUSLIM LEAGUE'S demands of separate homeland.

HINDUS REACTIONS:

CONGRESS also refused to accept the proposal.As they were struggling to take over the control of India as soon as possible.They were of the demand to control external and internal affairs of India immediately.Gandhi called this proposal "A post dated cheaque on a failing bank".CONGRESS knew that this proposal was only a piece of a paper,no practical implementation would be further.

CONCLUSION:

 In brief points it could be said that this proposal was failed,as it was rejected by both the parties.Both parties was  struggling of their independence on their own.