"INITIAL PROBLEMS AFTER PARTITION"

The creation of Pakistan was not only the end of struggle.Still many things was needed to be changed.14 AUGUST,1947 was the day of independence Quaid-e-azam declared that "Pakistan has come to exist for ever".But the new nation faced many problems before they could feel themselves secure.The leaders of India accepted that Pakistan would not be able to survive longer.Some of the problems that arouse were as follow:

1.  REHABILITATION OF REFUGEES: 

After partition there was huge number of refugees who migrated towards Pakistan.About 10 million people migrated to Pakistan and 2.5 million people migrated to India.This was the largest migration in the history of mankind.Quaid-e-azam him self lead the situation.A central Council was formed for this.Quaid-e-azam appealed to the people to invest in it to support their brothers in difficult time.Large number of amount was collected in a very short time.

2. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS:

As none of the assets were divided as per declared, Pakistan faced many economical problems.Pakistan was having very little industry after partition.Karachi being the only the modern port of earning.The agriculture and major industries was not working efficiently and was not producing enough as needed.The one jute industry that produced 70% of world's crop was in East Pakistan.And Pakistan by the fact didn't have a single jute mill after partition.Out of 16 industries only 4 were given to Pakistan which were in a worse condition to run. Most of the industries were in Hyderabad Deccan which was given to India.The percentage of economical assets in Pakistan after partition were as following:

• Industrial enterprises = 10%
• Industrial workers = 6.5%
• Electrical capacity = 5%
• Mineral deposits = 10%

3. POLITICAL PROBLEMS:

The partition of Pakistan was done but India got full political support from Mountbatten.Many Muslims areas were given to India.

• India got Government buildings,furnished offices.
• India had officials members of CONGRESS with political experience.
• Perhaps,the major one that Quaid-e-azam was suffering from tuberculosis,and he knew that he had a very little time to do many more. 

4. FOREIGN PROBLEMS:

Pakistan highly needed an external support to stay strong enough.Quaid-e-azam said that our foreign policy is to develop strong and friendly relationships wit its neighboring and other countries as well.In this context Iran was the 1st country to accept Pakistan as an independent country.Soon in 1947 Pakistan become member of United Nation (UN).In 1954 Pakistan signed a SEATO pact foe defense union.

5. GEOGRAPHICAL PROBLEMS:

Pakistan was having thousand miles distance with East Pakistan.This was the most difficult situation to govern there.Half of the population was living in East Pakistan.The majority of The government and army leaders came from West Pakistan.Until 1947, the East Pakistan separated  from West Pakistan by 1600 km distance of India territory.Like this many other states were handed over to India which included Junagadh,Bilaspur,Hyderabad,Kashmir(Disputed) etc.

6. CONFIDENCE BUILDING:

The enemies started making hostile propaganda and rumors that Pakistan is not economically strong enough to support its people It will soon collapse like a house of cards.Quaid-e-azam on this view point visited all 5 provinces despite of his failing health.He met the people address them and gave them courage and hope.He infused new zeal and enthusiasm in the people.He said:

• "There is no power that can dismiss Pakistan."
• "Pakistan has came into existing for ever".

7. DEFENSE PROBLEMS:

In many problems a problem of defense was major one.The ratio of division of asset were 17% to India and 5% to Pakistan.This reflected the relative size and population of two countries.In June 1947 it was declared that 750 million  rupees of 4 billion rupees was added in reserve Bank of Pakistan.The 1st 200 million were paid.Then India attacked on Kashmir and India refused to pay further.India said that Pakistan will use this money in buying arms against India.They said that if Pakistan get agreed that Kashmir belongs to India then rest of the money will be paid.But Pakistan refused as Kashmir was and is always integral part of Pakistan.India wanted to bankrupt Pakistan.Gandhi persuaded government to pay 500 million more.Armed forces was to be divided as 36% among Pakistan and 44% among India. But was divided as:

• Armour division = 6 to Pakistan, 14 to India
• Artillery division = 8 to Pakistan, 40 to India
• Infantry division = 8 to Pakistan, 21 to India

They agreed to pay 60 million after that and this was used to build an ordnance factory at Wah.

8. CANAL WATER DISPUTE:

The canal water dispute started in 1947.West Pakistan is a fertile country but yet has a dry climate.Rainfall is not enough for irrigation system.So  it depends upon water from three main rivers Indus,Jhelum, and Chenab.

The partiton  cut cross many rivers and canals.All the main rivers that flow in Pakistan was controlled at a series of "Headworks" which were in Punjab that was now apart of India.Soon Indian Government claimed that the head-workers are in India and they have right to do anything.

In May 1948 a temporary agreement was signed and India agreed to allow water from east Punjab to flow into  West Punjab.But also said that Pakistan should soon find an alternate for it.

9. CONSTITUTION MAKING:

Quaid-e-azam said many asked me about way of living in Pakistan?Who am I to decide it?Muslims way of living was declared in Quran and Islam about 1300 years ago.This law will surely leas us to success in future.He expressed his desire to make constituent assembly of Pakistan for further tasks of constitution of Pakistan.

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"JOIN HANDS TO BUILT PAKISTAN"

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